Working Papers


The Pencil and the Sickle: Labor Collective Action and the Rise of Literacy in Spain

R&R, Explorations in Economic History

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The Legacies of Early Labor Mobilization: Evidence from Spain

Submitted to European Journal of Political Research

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Work in Progress


The Origins of Early Labor Mobilization : Evidence from Spain (1887–1916)

People or Places? Channels of Historical Transmission